CAROLYN BAIRD INTERVIEW


Carolyn Baird recently was interviewed by Wouter Schenk from The Netherlands. Wouter is preparing some articles about Autism and Internet for the Dutch Association for Autism. This is a transcript of their interview and is included in my page with Wouter's and Carolyn's permission.

Carolyn Baird is the listowner of PAN-L (Parents Autistics Network List). This is a private list which contributes emotional support for autistic people and parents of autistic children worldwide by sharing their experience and feelings through the Internet.
Carolyn, a high functioning autist, is mother of four children.

Wouter Schenk works for the local government as an environmental specialist and writes articles on freelance basis.
Wouter has two children. His oldest son is on the mild side of the autistic spectrum.

In the first part of the Interview Wouter did ask Carolyn to tell something about her life and family. In the second part Carolyn tells about the theme Autism and Internet and her list PAN-L.

Publication of this article is only allowed with permission of the editor and writer which can be obtained by emailing to Wouter Schenk


WS (Wouter Schenk): Where do you come from...

CB (Carolyn Baird): I live in Glendale, Lake Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia. Glendale is about 20 Kilometres south of Newcastle and 120 Kilometres north of Sydney on the east coast of Australia. I was born only a few kilometres from here at a place called Barnsley and raised on the western shores of Lake Macquarie, which is the largest coastal lake in Australia, in a town called Bolton Point. When I was 16 I left home to attend Sydney University and stayed in Sydney until my oldest child was 8 months old. I then moved back to this area so I could raise my child in a better environment and close to family and friends - living first in Teralba where my father was raised and where many of my relatives still live. After the breakup of my marriage, the children and I lived in many different places in the Newcastle and Lake Macquarie areas, but finally settled in Glendale in our own home in 1980.


WS: Tell me something about your family..

CB: Both my mother and father were born in Australia as was my paternal grandmother. My paternal grandfather came to Australia with his parents as a young teenager from Lancashire, England. My maternal grandmother came to Australia with her first husband from Sheffield, England. She had 8 young children when her husband died - the youngest of whom was club-footed. My maternal grandfather came from Belfast, Ireland at age 22. He was a merchant seaman and jumped ship in Australia when he received the news that his family had emigrated to the US, hoping to get work on another ship that would take him to join them. Unable to get work on any of the US bound ships he came to work in a local coal mine to earn his fare but he met my grandmother and married her despite the fact that she was 20 years older than him and had 8 children, some of whom were only a few years younger than him. My mother was their only child. My father was the oldest son of 9 children - he had one older sister. My father who is now 86 was a coal miner all his life until he retired at age 60. He now lives in Queensland with his second wife. My mother died in 1964 when I was 18. I am their second child - one of 3 girls. My older sister lives not far from me, but my younger sister lives in Mt Tom Price in northern Western Australia. Both my sisters have only one child each, both girls. I lost count of the number of first cousins I have years ago but most of them have remained in this area and I occasionally run into one of them in the street - they seem to recognise me quite readily although it's often 30 or more years since we've seen each other - that's the only contact I have with any of them.

My youngest child's father, Kevin Donaldson, is the great-grandson of my great-grandparents who came from Lancashire. His mother was my father's first cousin. We discovered this fact a few months after we met. Kevin is a self-employed house-painter and we first met in 1981 when I contracted him to paint my house and he has remained an important part of my life and my family's life since then. Kevin's paternal grandfather came from Sweden, but he anglicized his surname to Donaldson and no-one seems to know what it was before that. Kevin is the youngest male in a family of 9 and the only surviving male in his family. His oldest sister, lives only a few streets from us and she and I have become friends over the last 6 years since we first met at the local primary school which my daughter and her foster-daughter attends. Kevin has little contact with any other members of his family.


WS: What is your relation with autism...

CB: My childhood was very confusing and painful for me. I became aware I was different from my older sister at a very early age from hearing my father say to me "Why can't you be more like your sister". I never knew what it was that I did that always made him so angry with me. After all what was wrong with walking on tiptoe, dancing and singing around the house, not looking strangers in the eyes and spending most of my time reading instead of playing outside in the sun or with other children. He claimed that I ignored him all the time when he spoke to me, but I never heard him because I was either thinking or reading but he never could accept that as a reason. My mother was very different though. She was always warm and gentle with me and she seemed to understand and appreciate my differences from my sister. She allowed me to do all the things I liked doing so long as my father wasn't home and even encouraged or joined me in some of them.

My mother started me at school at 4 years of age on a trial basis because of my shyness with strangers; my lack of language development and my insatiable appetite for books and learning. Evidently I was driving her crazy with my demands to read books to me nonstop and would fly into a tantrum if she refused. They hoped that being with other children would settle me down and aid my other problems and I think it did because there were lots of rules at school and once I learnt what they were, I didn't have any problems with the teachers. I still, however, felt very different to the other children but I quickly learnt how to pretend to be like them. When my speech improved I still had a problem saying the wrong thing at the wrong time and having others laugh at me for that, but over the years I learnt how to make that appear as if it was intentional and I was just trying to be funny.

My language problems and the feeling of being different continued through into adulthood, but it wasn't until I realised that my oldest son was mimicking my behaviour as a young child that I realised that this was something more than me just being 'mentally unbalanced'.

From that time on I searched for a 'name' for our condition and to find others like us with similar sets of problems. I researched all the literature on mental handicaps, learning and language disabilities I could find, but while many of them seemed similar, the long list of familial symptoms I'd compiled rarely achieved more than a 50% match. Over a period of 18 years, I kept looking for the ideal match to no avail, while I raised my children to be aware of their differences from others and tried to use the benefit of my experience to help them develop strategies to minimise the impact their symptoms might have on their self-esteem. I did consult various specialists over the years and my children did receive a variety of diagnoses (Dyslexia, Dysphasia, Specific Learning Deficit and 'neurotic mother') but there wasn't one that I felt told the whole story.

While pregnant with my youngest child I returned to University to complete my degree and chose to major in Linguistics so that I'd have access to all the latest research on language disabilities. Three years later I was still researching when I took my daughter to another specialist for help in finding an appropriate preschool for her. The ordinary preschools wouldn't accept her as she was not toilet-trained and she was non-verbal. During that assessment the word 'autism' was mentioned but later disregarded because it was alleged that she'd made eye-contact with the specialist and was 'obviously not mentally retarded' so she was given the diagnosis of Multiple Developmental Delays and referred to the Early Intervention Preschool for enrolment. This is what I'd been after, but the word 'autism' kept echoing in my mind. I hadn't included that subject in my research before as like the specialist I had a preconceived notion of what 'autism' was and knew we didn't match that. However, as soon as I started reading about it, I could see that this was a better match than anything I'd encountered so far.

As coincidence would have it, it was at this time I gained access to the Internet through the University. I had completed both an undergraduate and honours degree in Linguistics and was about to undertake a post-graduate degree which entitled me to a computer account and unlimited Internet access. I started off on Usenet reading all the posts I could find in the medical groups relating to learning and language disabilities or references to articles or lists dealing specifically with those subjects. My knowledge and understanding increased dramatically over the next 18 months but still there was a nagging question in my mind - was there a form of autism where individuals could have normal or above average intelligence? No-one seemed to know. Then by chance I saw on sci.med an announcement of a new list having been formed - the Autism list out of St Johns. I signed on and within a few days my question was not only answered in the affirmative - it was called High Functioning Autism - but I had made contact with other High Functioning Autistics like me. I can't begin to explain the emotional impact that had on me. It was a time of enormous relief at finding the answer after such a long search; a time of sadness at not having found the answer sooner so that I might have better helped my children in their earlier years; a time of anger at all the hurtful things that had been said and done to me over the years for something that had been beyond my control; and a time of immense joy at no longer being alone and no longer having to hide my differences.

The only thing left after that was to make that diagnosis official. It took me a while to find someone locally knowledgeable enough about autism to provide such a diagnosis and to save up the money to afford to have it done privately, but after that I obtained official diagnoses for my oldest and youngest children who really needed it to get them the services they needed. It then took me another two years to work up the courage to be assessed myself, but I finally did that two years ago. My oldest child has recently been reassessed by Dr Tony Attwood and his diagnosis was changed from High Functioning Autism to Asperger's Syndrome, but as long as our diagnoses are on the Autistic Spectrum and my children are receiving appropriate services then I don't think what they choose to call it matters a great deal.


WS: How many children, age and so on...

CB: I have four children. The oldest, Christopher is 26 and lives in Queensland. Timothy is 25 and is getting married on October 25th this year. He lives with his fiancee only a short distance away from the rest of the family. Anthony is 22 and Helen is 11. They both currently live at home, although Anthony has only moved back home in the last 3 months. All of my boys have obtained their Higher School Certificates. Chris is planning on returning to University next year to complete his computer science degree and both Tim and Tony are in full-time employment. Tim works as a Tyre-Fitter and is a Lance Corporal in the Transport Division of the Army Reserve and Tony works for a fruit and vegetable wholesaler as a Delivery Driver. Helen is nearing the end of her Primary School years and will be starting high school next year. We have already started the process of transitioning her into high school and she is looking forward to it. She has no problems academically, although her behaviours are still identifiably autistic. However, she is very accepting of her differences and has excellent self-esteem, so I don't foresee too many problems for her going on to do exceptionally well at high school.


WS: Can you tell us something about your first experience with Internet?

CB: It was at the beginning of 1989, that Chris got his first computer account with the University. Almost immediately he started hounding me to buy a modem so he could connect from home. I was terrified of the idea since I knew already that Chris knew far too much about computers for his own good and that in combination with his wicked sense of mischief his request gave me visions of his being arrested for hacking, so to protect him from himself I said no. Always the clever one though he started bringing files home for me on diskette - messages from the sci.lang newsgroup which he knew I'd be interested in because of their Linguistic content and then having whetted my appetite he stopped doing it, claiming that he hadn't had time to download them, but saying to me "You can get your own computer account and do it yourself - you have more free time than me." So I went and applied for my own account, but once I had it without a modem I just couldn't spend the time online that I wanted to because the University's fluorescent lighting in the computer room made me feel ill if I spent more than a few minutes in there. There was nothing else to do but buy a modem and Chris was all too eager to find me a cheap second-hand one that I could afford. With my MacPlus and 1200 baud modem, I connected to the Internet from home for the first time in August, '89.

With a lot of Chris's help I became semi-computer literate in a short space of time and found a number of newsgroups on Usenet I was interested in. However, the noise to value ratio was extremely high and when I realised that mailing lists existed for specific topics I signed onto a few of those and discovered that this was a much better way of reading mail than through a newsgroup. At that time I reduced my subscription to Usenet groups to just two - misc.kids and sci.med - and permanently subscribed to the Linguist list, Words-l and Newedu-l (Words-l is the only one I am still a member of out of those early subscriptions). I lurked on Words-l for 12 months before I got up the courage to post anything and was immediately welcomed into their fold as the only Aussie they had ever met online. They nicknamed me Wombat (my address then was ) and despite my many address changes since then I am still referred to today either as Wombat or Carolyn Wombat. That list was and still is 'an online cocktail party' and although it rarely has had more than about 60 members it's an exceptionally high volume list - rarely less than 200 messages @ day and often has been around the 500 @ day mark. This was my first time ever of being involved in a social situation where I felt comfortable. I could interact with people and carry on a conversation with them because the delay brought on by electronic transmission didn't expose the fact that my response took me some minutes to compose and write whereas in a real-life situation that wouldn't have been an acceptable interval for someone to await a response from me. The pressure was off me to respond immediately and I found that that made interacting with people exceptionally enjoyable and much easier for me to do.

I had been actively participating in Words-l discussions for 18 months when I saw an announcement on the sci.med newsgroup about a new list being formed called Autism. It was the first week of May, 1992 that I signed onto that list. I read the posts for about a week before I worked up the courage to ask my first question. If anyone is interested that first message and all the subsequent ones can most likely still be found amongst the archives for that list. If you are a member of the Autism list then you can send GET AUTISM LOG9205 to and from those logs you can track most of my online history.


WS: I've seen a lot of information on autism on the Internet, what makes the Internet so popular for people who are living with autism?

CB: Many autistic people seem to have an affinity with computers and many of them were already working in computer-related fields prior to the advent of the Internet. The appeal of a computer is that there is only one right way to tell it to do something - it doesn't misinterpret what you tell it and do something else as people do. If a computer doesn't understand what you mean it says "Syntax error" and doesn't assume it knows what you meant to say.

The Internet is popular, I believe, because it provides a visual and semi-permanent means of communicating. Often I have difficulty following speech because my short-term memory is so poor and easily overloaded. That's not a problem with email because if I forget what the person said all I have to do is go back and read their message again. Another benefit is that unless I tell someone online that I have language processing problems they wouldn't suspect it.

For many of us this medium has given us the opportunity to be accepted for the first time in our lives as being just like everyone else and gives us our first hint at what it feels like to be accepted on the quality of our thoughts rather than the quality of our speech. It also much easier for most of us to communicate in writing than in speech, so many of us regard this medium as being our most powerful way of communicating with others. I have always been unable to think and talk at the same time, but for some inexplicable reason I am able to think and type at the same time - so I can express myself in written language more fluently and with a more precise meaning and higher standard of language than would be possible for me ever to do using spoken language. I have only ever been accepted as an intelligent individual when that assessment was made on the basis of my literacy skills. In other situations the only way I can appear intelligent is to look interested and not say anything.


WS: How and when did you get the idea to do something for autistic people and parents with Internet?

CB: Wanting to be helpful to others has been a part of my nature as far back as I can remember. I don't know how much of this is self-motivated - I like the feeling I get when I know I've been of help to others and they are pleased with me and as a child I quickly learnt that if people were happy then they were much more tolerant and less critical of me, so very early on I discovered that by helping others I could make my own life more bearable. However, humanitarian ideals seem to be common amongst the autistic people I know so perhaps this is just part of the intrinsic nature of autism.

I don't think at any stage I ever thought of doing anything specific to help other autistic people and parents on the Internet, it was something that just happened. In open discussions on the Autism list with other autistic people starting with my first post, we explored the common ground between us. This was initially for our own benefit to rid ourselves of the feelings that we were in some way weird and abnormal. Then it happened that parents started telling us how helpful these discussions were in giving them insight into the world of their children. It was difficult to accept at first that our experiences could make even one other autistic child's life a little better, but soon it became our prime motivation for sharing our experiences and view of the world with others.

In those first two years on the Autism list, I must confess that helping parents was not a priority for me. I was only concerned with helping autistic individuals like myself or like the child I had been. I shared the anger that others felt at the mistreatment and misunderstanding that is directed towards people with autism, but gradually I came to realise that that anger was a waste of my energy that could be directed towards something more positive. The Autism list had become unbearable due to conflicts between autistic individuals and parents and professionals. I started fighting against that anger, imploring my fellow autistics to stop the flames and in doing so was alienated from them. I again felt alone and without friends. Then I started receiving private email from a few parents asking me why I wasn't posting anymore and telling me how much they missed my contributions. That was my turning point. I wanted to talk to others but I couldn't handle all the negative emotions of the Autism list, so I sent private email to all the parents on the Autism list and a few of the autistic individuals and professionals who had not been involved in the conflicts asking them to let me know if they'd like to receive my replies to posts on the list by private email. I was astounded that 45 people responded in the affirmative. One of those parents was Amy Parker, who happened to not only be the parent of an autistic child but also the Listserv Manager at her University. In her reply she offered the use of her listserv to support a list if I wanted to create one. Amy and I then set about organising it. Amy handled everything at her end and all I had to do was decide on a name and work out what the aims of the list should be and then supply her with a list of names and addresses of people to add when she had it organised.


WS: When did you actually started the list? Please tell us something about "THE START".

CB: The list started officially on July 18, 1994. The first three months were extremely stressful for me. A few members carried some of their antagonisms with others from the Autism list to PAN-L and wanted to use my list to talk about them behind their backs or were taking posts from my list and forwarding them to non-members which were then used to attack me publicly on other lists. It was then that I introduced my first set of acceptable behaviour rules for PAN-L. I received lots of criticism and accusations of denying people their right to freedom of speech, but after I polled the opinions of the whole list I discovered that the majority of people supported me. So I stuck by my rules and subsequently deleted 4 members for breaking them and then after a few weeks when everyone had gotten over the shock of what I'd done, things started to calm down and PAN-L became the support group it was intended to be.


WS: With how many members did you start?

CB: There were 45 on day one, but within a week the number had grown to over 60. There was no public announcement about the lists existence for a number of months - until the members of Autism started requesting the listowner of that list to start another one as a support group. It was only then that I publicly announced that such a list already existed and our numbers doubled almost overnight. Since then membership had been acquired through referral from an existing member, until early 1996 when my list became the focus of attention through my involvement in the 24 Hours in Cyberspace project and my name and address started appearing on various websites as the listowner of an online autism-related support group. It became a listowner's nightmare supplying information about my list to all that applied so I then gave permission for members of PAN-L to display more detailed information about PAN-L on their webpages.


WS: What kind of people where part of PAN-L in those first days/months?

CB: Initially it was for anyone who wanted to belong. However, most of the professionals who subscribed initially left of their own accord when I instigated the rule PAN-L was for personal and emotional support and that posts containing general information were considered inappropriate. When the last of these left it was decided that the list would be confined to people who live with autism. This means that any relative or friend of a person with an autism-related disorder or autistic individual is welcome to join, but since the list has nothing to offer anyone who's interest is only at a professional level, I refer those applicants to one of the many other lists that exist today.


WS: Today there are already about 300 members from different countries, but most of them are from the US, the second group are Australian and after that there are some European members. Why, do you think, are there so many from the States in relation to the other countries?

There are almost 400 members now. The majority of them are from the US mainly because they are more technologically advanced than other countries ie a higher proportion of their population which is significantly higher than most populations have had access to the Internet for many more years than other countries have had. In Australia, public access to the Internet has really only started to happen in the last 3 years. Prior to that the only people that had access were those connected to Universities, international companies or computer enthusiasts who organised their own feed through one of the few existing connections.


WS: What makes PAN-L unique in relation to the other Autism-lists like for example St. Johns?

CB: PAN-L is unique among the autism-related lists because it is the only one that exclusively targets the emotional well-being of its members as its priority. On the other lists information is considered the most important component. But on PAN-L we are real people trying to find real solutions to very real problems so we try to tap into the collective personal experience of members to try to find solutions that haven't been written into the textbooks yet. It also serves the purpose of bringing together people in similar situations who understand the joys and heartaches that other members are experiencing. It's also a private and confidential list, so even the most intimate subjects can be discussed without fear or embarrassment. PAN-L keeps all of us from feeling alone and isolated from the rest of society and gives us the energy to face another day of living with autism. There's also time to laugh and have fun with friends on a daily basis and if any member is in need of a friend to talk to or share their feelings with no matter what time of the day or night, there is someone online on PAN-L somewhere in the world who is willing to listen and empathise with them.


WS: You spoke about sharing feelings. How can people share feelings via a keyboard, PC and modem?

CB: It's actually a lot easier to do for most people than doing it in a real-life situation. In a real-life situation we rarely get to say what we really feel because of concerns about how it will be perceived by the other person. If something has happened that has made you angry, who do you tell? Your spouse and then have them share your anger and possibly destroy their sense of well-being as well or do you tell a friend on the other side of the world who you know won't be personally upset by it but will understand why you are angry and allow you to vent all your negative feelings without criticising you for having them. Or if your child has done something for the first time and you are overjoyed at his accomplishment - who do you tell? Your neighbour who will say "My Johnny could do that when he was 2" or do you tell your online friends who know from their own experience what a wonderful accomplishment this is for an autistic child of his tender years and who not only offer congratulations and share your feelings of joy but it gives them hope that one day their child might do it too.


WS: Sharing feelings between people of so many different cultures seems to be difficult. What is your opinion on this?

CB: The feelings we have are the result of being human beings and they know no cultural boundaries. The language we express those feelings in may be different but the feelings are the same. People are born into a particular culture - they are not born having that culture. So we are all human beings first and it is on that level we interact on PAN-L and I have not seen any evidence of cultural differences in the way a parent loves their child or gets angry when someone hurts them or gets depressed when it seems all hope is gone.


WS: Your list is shared by parents of autistic children and autistic people, what do you think about this combination?

CB: On other lists I've seen what I call the 'us and them' mind set. If someone is autistic then parents think they can't possibly appreciate what it's like to be a parent and if someone is a parent then the autistic person thinks they can't possibly understand what it's like to be autistic and in this way they create an artificial division between the two groups. In my opinion such attitudes serve no purpose. On PAN-L every member is there for a single purpose - to help an autistic child whether that child is their own or someone else's. There are no divisions - we are just people trying to help other people in the way we know best. I was once asked by a new member "Who are the autistic people on the list?" My response was "Why do you need to know? Isn't everyone's experience of equal value and entitled to be related so you can judge which is the most valuable to you?"


WS: At st. Johns for example you see many discussions about technical matters, politics, medicine which often causes flames. How do you prevent your list from flames?

CB: I made it a rule that if anyone was guilty of flaming I would delete them from the list. That no-one has broken that rule in the past 3 years is an indication of the importance members place on their membership of PAN-L.


WS: Why is PAN-L a private list?

CB: There are things we discuss on PAN-L that we wouldn't want the whole world to know about us - intimate details that would cause embarrassment or worse if they became public knowledge. The list is kept private to protect our privacy and the rules regarding confidentiality ensure that we can discuss sensitive or intimate topics without any reservations.


WS: When the reader wants to join PAN-L, how can he/she join?

CB: A brief email message of introduction sent to me at is all that's required.

I use that message to introduce the new member to the list and subscribe them to the list immediately if they have provided sufficient information to show they meet the criteria of living with autism.


WS: Are you involved in other activities on the Internet besides PAN-L?

CB: I am the listowner of the Australian Autism list (OzAutism) which is open to any Australian or New Zealand resident or national living overseas. It is for discussion of local issues pertaining to people with developmental delays.

I recently created a subsidiary list to PAN-L, called PAN. Membership of PAN is restricted to past and present members of PAN-L. I created PAN so that members of PAN-L would be able to continue the friendships they'd made on PAN-L in a forum for general discussion and personal support. PAN is intended to meet the intellectual needs of its members whereas PAN-L addresses their emotional needs. It was necessary to do this because of the increasing daily number of posts to PAN-L creating problems for those who were only interested in giving and receiving emotional support.

I currently belong to 5 other lists - Autism list; Autinet; Thyroid list; Celiac list and Words-l. I still contribute to Words-l discussions on occasions and I recently deputized for the listowner of Autinet while he was on vacation but the other lists fall into the category of read-only.


WS: What does PAN-L personally mean to you (besides all the work....)?

CB: At the end of the message I send to new members I sign off "Welcome to my world!" and that is what PAN-L is - not the world, but my world - a world full of people who genuinely care about others and where greed and selfishness have no part to play.

As a child I often asked the question "Why can't people just love each other, instead of fighting all the time?" and was told that it would be good if the world could be like that but people just weren't made that way. I have never agreed with or accepted that idea so in a way PAN-L has been an experiment in proving that people from all different cultures can learn to live together in peace and harmony and after the success of PAN-L I even more firmly believe that we can ultimately achieve a much better world than the one we currently live in.


WS: Do you think that a PC, modem and Internet account can help autistic people communicate in a better way? And why?

CB: I would say it helps them communicate in a much easier way, so in that way I think it's better. The inherent speech problems associated with autism can be insurmountable in real-life situations but email provides the opportunity to interact socially in a spontaneous manner that is denied to many autistic people otherwise.


WS: Don't you think it's better to have *real* contacts with people living with autism instead of via your monitor?

CB: It is probably more difficult for an autistic adult to make friends with another autistic adult in real-life than it is for an autistic person to make friends with an ordinary person. The latter we can learn to do, because we educate ourselves to what other people's social expectations are of us. But when two autistic people meet they don't know what to expect of each other so their friendship may never get past the first "Hello" because of the doubling of the fear of saying the wrong thing and upsetting the other person. For two autistic people to become friends it takes a third person to act as catalyst in many cases. My friendship with Angela who is also high-functioning autistic, was precipitated by her husband. I had met Angela a number of times before and although we both desired to meet and talk to each other, neither one of us could bring ourselves to make the first move in establishing contact for fear that we would be imposing our friendship on the other. So it wasn't until her husband phoned me and said "Angela needs your help" that we connected as one autistic person to another. Of course since then we have been the best of friends.

Autistic people I have made contact with initially through email and have subsequently met in real-life I haven't experienced any kind of hesitation in initiating a conversation with.


WS: How do you see the future of PAN-L?

CB: I don't think much about the future - I just take each day as it comes. My daughter has already requested that I leave her PAN-L in my will, so perhaps it will go on serving its members for many more years to come. As long as I'm able and as long as it continues to provide the support that people living with autism need then I will continue to maintain it as I have been doing for the past 3 and a quarter years. No doubt the membership will increase substantially over time and it may become necessary to add more 'rooms' to the list as I did with PAN but I don't see the 'house of PAN-L' ever becoming less than it is at the moment and I'm sure that the spirit of PAN-L will live on even past the end of my lifetime.


WS: Is there a limit to the number of members?

CB: No! The disk capacity at our present site is quite limited but when it can no longer cope then I will move the list elsewhere to a site that does have the capacity to handle it.


WS: So there is a possibility for some Dutch people to join?

CB: Most definitely! The European contingent of PAN-L is extremely out of proportion to the rest of PAN-L's population and as good as it is to have friends all around the world, it is more important to have a few closer to home that you can call on for help. Apart from that there have already been quite a few PAN-L real-life social activities in the US and one here in Australia. It is such fun to meet the people face-to-face that you know so well online and my hope is that these will become a regular occurrence and that all members will have the opportunity to enjoy such get-togethers in their own countries.


WS: Many, many, many thanks!!!!!!!!!!

CB: Yay! I got to the end of it. ;-) Any more questions?


COLOFON:
Interview: Wouter Schenk, Tegelen, The Netherlands.
Editor: Ray Kopp, New York, USA.
Lay-Out: Ray Kopp and Wouter Schenk.

Publication of this article is only allowed with permission of the editor and writer which can be obtained by emailing to Wouter Schenk

This page is created on 8th of January 1998.

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