FORD MOTOR COMPANY

 

 

 

 

SOM 123 M003 Team 1 – Spring 2004

 

Noah Simon

Josh Terkel

Kim Tunick

Alex Turbett

Jenna Zainfeld

Justin Zimmerman

 

 

Table of Contents

GROUP TLO REPORT

 

Executive Summary                                                                                                     3                       

Focus of the Proposal                                                                                                  5           

Research and Analysis:

Ford’s Product Innovation                                                                                           6

Ford Online Buying and E-Business                                                                           9

Ford’s Product Technology                                                                                         12

How Ford Manufactures Using IT                                                                               16

Ford’s Advertising and Supply Chain Management                                                    19

Ford’s Marketing Tactics towards Various Demographics                                         22

Recommendations                                                                                                       29

Bibliography                                                                                                               31

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENTS

Noah Simon                                                                                                                 38

Josh Terkel                                                                                                                  42

Kim Tunick                                                                                                                 46

Alex Turbett                                                                                                                50

Jenna Zainfeld                                                                                                             53

Justin Zimmerman                                                                                                       58

 

 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The rapid emergence of various types of information technology has revolutionized the automobile industry in recent years.  Above all, IT has given companies the ability to operate more efficiently and effectively.  The utilization of technologies, namely the internet, has given Ford a competitive advantage by decreasing the overall time needed to manufacture cars, better share ideas through real time programs, advertise more appropriately targeting demographics and the desires of customers, bolster product innovation and new technologies, and ultimately to find other ways to gain an edge over the competition.

            Ford has been exceptional in the area of product innovation, using technological innovation in order to offer more diverse automobiles and to make manufacturing more efficient.  The introduction of the new Hy-wire prototype, a car that unites fuel cell propulsion and drive-by-wire systems with a unique new kind of chassis, has made a name for Ford as the industry leader in product diversity.  The development of computer aided design, engineering, and manufacturing has enabled Ford to save money as well as time when it comes to manufacturing automobiles.  Additionally, IT such as the wireless real-time locating system that allows Ford to track inventory using low-power radio frequency tags and a communications network has enabled Ford to have critical information at their fingertips.   

            Innovation in technology has allowed Ford to offer new safety features and luxurious amenities that appeal to consumers by enhancing the overall driving experience and minimizing risk.  GPS antennas, navigation systems, satellite radio, the Safety Canopy air curtain system and the SecuriLock Passive Antilock system are just some of the many new technologies used by Ford.

            IT has affected Ford’s marketing strategies tremendously.  Online marketing has taken many forms, and Ford has effectively utilized service companies that help retailers sell cars and manufacturers build brands through marketing, advertising, and customer relationship management tools and programs.  Ford has strived to create a direct online presence through recent alliances made with America Online Inc. and Yahoo Inc.  Ford’s marketing strategy is extremely integrated with product development.  An information technology called Focal Point collects data from customers and in turn allows Ford to make better conclusions about data and gives greater capability to focus on specific groups in the marketplace.

            Based on the research done on Ford in the areas of marketing, manufacturing, and product innovation and technology, we have formulated six recommendations for Ford. These recommendations pertain to marketing, utilization of IT, and creation of technology.  We recommend that Ford continue developing innovational IT in order to compete with foreign companies that are taking away sales.  We recommend that Ford lobby for favorable interpretation of laws that are not clear cut that prevent companies from allowing customers to purchase automobiles online and have them delivered to your door.  We recommend that Ford continues to try and unite track, lab and analytical testing under one system.  We recommend that they create a device connected to your key-chain that locates your vehicle.  Lastly, we recommend putting infrared night-vision in vehicles to increase night driving safety.

 

 

 

 

 

FOCUS

Chairmen and CEO of Ford Motor Company, Bill Ford, has a vision for his company.  He said, “Our vision for the future is simple: We want to build great products, a strong business, and a better world” (Ford, 2004).  Ford is a company that is constantly gaining new consumers due to its myriad line of products that appeal to many different types of demographics.

Our team’s main focus is to analyze Ford Motor Company’s use of effective Information Technology and marketing tactics.  Through our analysis of articles concerning Ford, we have discovered that Ford must be extremely productive to gain a competitive advantage over foreign automobile companies in the industry.   As a result, Ford Motor Company has converted from a top-down organization to an internet-ready company that is successfully thrusting into the world of IT.  Our team recommends that Ford Motor Company continues to lead the automobile industry and revolutionize automobile production as it did in the early 1900’s.

            Ford Motor Company revolutionized vehicle production back in the early 1900’s with the assembly line.  Today, Ford is the number 2 automobile producer (behind General Motors) and is still revolutionizing the automobile industry and gaining a competitive advantage over its competitors (Hoovers, 2004).  Ford Motor Company’s sub-sectors are Ford, Aston Martin, Jaguar, Lincoln, Mercury, and Volvo.  Ford also owns a 33% stake in Mazda and BMW’s Land Rover SUV.  Furthermore, Ford Motor Company owns the #1 auto finance company, Ford Motor Credit, which owns Hertz (Hoovers, 2004).  Financially, Ford is extremely successful.  In 2003, it had a .5% sales growth and its sales were up to $164,196 (Hoovers, 2004)!   

           

 

 

RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

 

Ford’s Product Innovation

Product innovation is a key factor in the success of a business.  The Ford Motor Company is a very complex business with many products to keep up with current technology.  It is IT that allows for a company to have a competitive advantage and Ford is doing everything they can to try to come out on top.  The Ford Motor Company is using internet technology, wireless tracking devices, and connecting consumers and employees through product innovation through IT to succeed.

“Information technology is any computer based tool that people use to work with information and support the information and information-processing needs of an organization” (Haag, Cummings and McCubbrey, p. 17).  Ford Motor Company is an enormous organization that started the whole automobile industry in the early 20th century.  Technology has increased dramatically over the years and product innovation that is used for the company is only expanding Ford technologically even more.

Not only Ford, but other American car companies have to do as much as they possibly can to try to win back their American customers.  A lot of consumers has chosen to buy cars that are of better value from the foreign markets, whether it be Japanese automobiles or European automobiles.  One way in which Ford is trying to win back their American market is by diversifying their market in the most productive way possible.  An example of this is seen in their new sports car known as the GT40.  This automobile is a contender to a Ferrari.  If Ford continues to be productive and have a competitive advantage over the foreign markets via product innovation, winning consumers back will be of less difficulty.

Ford is trying to gain a competitive advantage with a new product they are using called C3P.  “The acronym derives from the strategy of using a product-information-management (PIM) system to integrate computer-aided design (CAD), engineering (CAE), and manufacturing (CAM) into a global system of common data” (Teresko, p3).  This will eventually be used throughout all of Ford’s locations and will save Ford a great amount of money.  This product will allow Ford to do more tests electronically rather than wasting time and money on test cars.  A prototype car that is usually tested, costs around $200,000.  This system will allow employees to use “computer-aided simulation technology” and saves about 80% to 90% on what they would normally spend on test cars (Teresko, p3).  Eventually all tests on cars will be done only by C3P and will cut costs for Ford even more.  Since C3P is all run electronically, it will reduce development time of vehicles from a 37 month period to a 24 month period.  The C3P system integrates parts of cars through the computer and it is tested electronically rather than done manually (Teresko, p.3).

The internet is a big part of the way in which we live. Ford realizes this and devoted a lot of time and money to the consumers.  Tekgroup, an award winning website developing company “offers intuitive navigation to all brands, including Volvo, Mazda, Lincoln, Ford, Mercury, Jaguar, Aston Martin and Land Rover.  The website “was critiqued on design, innovation, content, technology, interactivity, navigation and ease of use” (PR Newswire, p.1). With a website that is easy to explore through, and the convenience of building your own car and pricing it online, this is a great way for Ford to attract consumers (PR Newswire). 

Ford not only wanted the consumers to be happy with the technology devoted to them, Ford wanted to devote internet technology to their employees as well.  To incorporate Ford’s workers into the internet, many of Fords workers are going to be supplied with computers and access to the internet.  This will allow for employees to keep in contact with each other and consumers.  “‘It is clear that individuals and companies that want to be successful in the 21st century will need to be leaders in using the Internet and related technology,’" Ford Chairman Bill Ford said (PR Newswire, p2).

To be productive in a company is a challenge.  Ford had a reoccurring problem of parts of their automobiles getting lost in the shipping process.  Losing a part in a shipping process only increases the amount of time it takes to produce a vehicle and therefore slowing down the process.  To prevent this, Ford has created a wireless real-time locating system (RTLS).  “The system, from WhereNet Corp., is driven by wireless tags, fixed-position antennas and Web-enabled software.  This industrial information system locates and tracks inventory using low-power radio frequency tags and a communications network” (Communication News, p1).  So this form of IT allows Ford to be more productive and always know exactly where their products are that are necessary for production.  This is possible because there are bar codes located on each individual piece, and it transmits a radio wave every four minutes (Communication News).

Ford Motor Company is a company that uses IT to become more productive.  This is seen throughout the product innovation that they use to have a competitive advantage over the competitors.  The Ford Motor Company is using internet technology, wireless tracking devices, and connecting consumers and employees through product innovation through IT to succeed.

 

 

 

 

 

Ford Online Buying and E-Business

Among the many automobile companies is ford motor company. In order for Ford to gain a competitive advantage against other large companies in its industry, they have developed an online searching, buying, and personalizing process for its customers using EyeVelocity's Internet Accessorizor(TM). “Ford Motor Company went live almost a year ago with ford.com and its online consumer-connect strategy, Ford Connections. Our goal is for customers who visit Ford's corporate Internet sites or Ford and Lincoln Mercury dealer Web sites to be able to modify the appearance of their vehicles by interactively 'trying on' Ford accessories,” said Matt Kesler, Ford Vehicle Personalization sales and marketing manager. Customers will be able to make a more informed purchasing decision because they no longer will have to wonder what their vehicle will look like when accessories are added (PR Newswire). Ford and Trilogy Software Inc., the firm it usually hires for its e-commerce development, announced the creation of a new project with an initial mission to develop and operate all of Ford's "customer-facing" Web sites. Advances in online searching, buying, and selling, are opening new doors for retailers and manufacturers to share more information and responsibilities on a business-to-business level as well as serving the market on a direct basis. 

            Using the advanced technologies of today, Ford allows you to enter their website chose the model, engine size, interior, and exterior of the vehicle of your choice. In developing online services Ford will create what it calls a "two-to- one" relationship between a manufacturer and its channel partners and their common customer. Ford is the first in its industry to come up with a process like this. But the key is that Ford, along with its dealers, is the asset that is going to revolutionize the full consumer experience, and it's leveraging those assets as opposed to getting rid of them(Newsbytes.com).

            This process makes the customer experience more enjoyable and less time consuming. Ford Motor Company was the first to have this option available to consumers.  "In the end, the goal is to drive your customer's business, taking cost out of the process of doing business both can reap the reward, while at the same time increasing value to the ultimate customer,"(Stevens, 1998). This is going to make them gain a competitive advantage against all the rest. People like when things are fast and easy. Not only does the website allow the customer to search and buy vehicles online, it allows customers to ask questions and express concerns through their “Ask Ford” question box. Using new creative technologies Ford can get the customers to be hooked on their products, so they will never go to any other company.

            Besides the convenience it provides customers, it's also much cheaper for companies if their customers go online to find answers rather than phoning a call center or sending e-mail. Forrester research projects 87% of consumers will use the Web to answer their questions, while telephone inquiries will drop to 13 %; e-mail, which can often take 24 hours for a response, will fall to 4% (Berlin). Customers will be more likely to purchase from Ford if they can do everything with the click of a button including searching, purchasing, and questioning through customer service. When consumers can pick and choose what they want while sitting at home, living near a dealership does not matter. The car of your choice can be created and brought to you anywhere in the world. Customers do not have to deal with sales representatives, unless they would like to schedule a test drive near by. “The only element announced is a Ford-MSN/CarPoint system called "Build to Order," being designed to link consumer order configurations with automotive manufacturers' supply and delivery systems. This will, according to the press release, "allow consumers to order any model of car to their specifications on CarPoint, ford.com and other automotive destination sites; receive immediate feedback on availability; and schedule delivery and service at their local dealership”(Bernstein, 1999).  Dealerships are not as necessary; therefore Ford Motor Company can save money by only building places to service vehicles. They can spend more of their profits on creating better customer service to please their buyers.

            Ford has created diversity which is a key contributing factor to their goal of global markets and corporate efficiency. Because Ford was the first company to make these options available to consumers their sales have risen. Using online buying and selling Ford can target all different types of people in various areas around the world. Not only does ford allow you to buy new vehicles, their website sells collectible items. “iCollection.com puts the world of Ford products -- from collectibles to car tools -- at consumers' fingertips through a seamless online shopping experience. We're not on the Web just to promote vehicle sales -- www.ford.com gives consumers a new way of doing business with Ford Motor Company” (PR Newswire, 1999). icollection allows consumers to purchase accessories for their vehicles as well, directly from Ford Motor Company. “The site will be updated continually with new features and merchandise” (1999). Ford is trying its best to rise above all other auto companies. They are using their resources and new technologies to the fullest extent.

            Ford Motor Company will continue to gain a competitive advantage if it keeps working like it is today. If they use the best technologies to create quick and easy services to consumers worldwide, their profits and customer relations will increase rising above all others in this industry.

 

 

 

 

Ford’s Product Technology

Product technology has been one of the great innovations in new cars in the past decade. New technologies are being developed constantly to provide drivers with such amenities as easier navigation, a more entertaining ride, and a safer driving experience. These technologies have driven Ford Motor Company’s success in recent years and seem promising to continually provide similar success in the future.                                                                                                   In recent years, Global Positioning Technology or GPS has been one of the hottest technologies to be incorporated into higher-end vehicle packages. Last August, M/A-COM, a business unit of Tyco Electronics and a leading provider of wireless Radio Frequency (RF), announced an agreement with Ford Motor Company to provide GPS navigation system antennas for several of its vehicle lines. "This agreement is a testament to our technology's reliability across the industry and our ability to meet our customers' on-going production timelines,” said Dave Williams, Director, Automotive Sensors and Telematics, M/A-COM. “We have an established history of working with Ford and we are looking forward to continuing our relationship" (M/A-COM).                                                                                                                        This agreement included provisions for GPS antennas to be installed on several Ford, Lincoln, and Mercury vehicles. The internally mounted antennas provide GPS reception for customer convenience services such as map generation and destination routing. These antennas use geosynchronous Global Positioning satellites, and vehicles with these receivers are able to identify their exact location to plot driving directions to more easily find their destinations (M/A-COM). With continued success of these GPS systems, hopefully future navigation systems will become more affordable than the current prices for these extravagant features which often run into the thousands of dollars as an available extra.                                                                                   Much of Ford Motor Company’s success is due to its fun-to-drive factor. At least part of this exhilarating feeling, no doubt, emanates from its entertaining interior. For example, Ford has teamed up with Recoton to equip the new Ford 2001 Windstar SE with wireless stereo headphones as part Sports Autovision rear seat entertainment system. Recoton Corporation, a leader in 900MHz wireless technology products, markets their wireless stereo headphones and indoor and outdoor stereo loudspeaker systems under the Recoton(R), Advent(R) and Jensen(R) brand names. According to Recoton Corporation, “The benefits of using wireless stereo headphones are the total lack of wires from the sound source (transmitter) to the user. The high quality sound travels easily throughout a vehicle's interior space and even outside the vehicle. In home situations the wireless sound travels through rooms, walls, floors and ceilings providing ultimate freedom” (Ford Motor).                                                                                                  Another entertaining notion is the availability of satellite radio as an option for Ford vehicles. Daimler Chrysler already has a leg up on Ford as they are introducing the option of Sirius Satellite radio into their array of vehicles which include:  PT Cruiser, Sebring Sedan and Convertible, 300M, Concorde, Voyager, Town and Country, Stratus Sedan, Dakota, Durango, Ram, Intrepid, Neon, Caravan, Grand Caravan, Liberty and Grand Cherokee (Sirius). Since the demand for satellite radio has increased recently, Ford may want to look in to deals with other satellite radio providers to draw business from Dodge, Jeep, and Chrysler.  Sirius has picked up a total of 30,000 subscribers as of year-end 2002, while XM Radio has focused on the recent Christmas selling season and has signed up 145,000 new subscribers, bringing the total number of XM subscribers by year-end 2002 to 347,000 (Hansen).   Another option for Ford to look in to in terms of technology would be some type of night vision such as that available on certain Cadillac sedans. “The infrared, night vision technology the U.S. Army used to spot Iraqi tanks in the dark during the Gulf War will be offered as a stand-alone option on Cadillac's 2000 DeVille. While only about 28% of driving occurs at night, night-time driving currently accounts for 55% of automotive fatalities and 62% of pedestrian deaths” (Padgett). This staggering statistic may cause heads to turn and in the hierarchy of the Ford boardrooms. Safety is obviously paramount when it comes to what customers want in their vehicles, and if such technology is available, there will likely be a demographic that will be willing to pay extra for that security.                                                  Ford does, however, have some of its own tricks up its sleeves. Such technologies as advanced safety belts, the Safety Canopy Air Curtain System, and the SecuriLock Passive Antilock System are all technologies that are made possible by wireless communications. The safety belts include pretensioners/energy management system with adjustable height 1st and 2nd row shoulder belts. The Safety Canopy Air Curtain System is a bit more impressive. I would describe this system as an enveloping cocoon of luxurious safety, but Ford explains; “(the system sends) advanced sensors to deploy side-curtain airbags in certain types of side-impact collisions or rollover events. The airbags cover nearly 2/3 of the 1st- and 2nd-row side glass. They remain inflated for a longer duration to enhance head protection and help keep occupants inside the vehicle” (Explorer Safety).                                                                                                              To provide for the best profit margins, Ford Motor Co, Europe, has chosen SoftQuad Software Ltd's XML content authoring system to help streamline the production of its vehicle manuals. Ford produces a range of manuals for every vehicle in its product range. This means approximately 6,000-10,000 pages per vehicle, but the company also has to make the manuals in 22 languages and dialects. To manage this production and distribution process, Ford has developed and implemented an XML-based information and publishing system called Odyssey. According to Ford, they “. . . will now use SoftQuad's XMetal system together with Odyssey to provide authors with an easy-to-use interface that allows them to create, submit, review and assemble content in XML without needing any knowledge about the language” (Ford Enhances).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

How Ford Manufactures Using IT

When it comes to manufacturing in the automobile industry, the most important factor in gaining a competitive advantage is advancing a company’s technology.  Since the late 80’s and early 90’s, computers have had an increasingly more important role in the manufacturing practices of the “big three” car manufacturers (General Motors, Chrysler, and Ford) in the US.  So when a company such as Ford wishes to improve the efficiency of their factories, they first look to improve the computer technology used in these factories.  By utilizing such technology, any given company can improve the way they plan out and simulate many aspects of a vehicle before production ever begins.

            So what tools do car companies seek to use when it come to their factories?  In recent years, all of the big car manufacturers have been working in tandem with their partners in the computer and IT fields to get their CAD, CAE, and CAM (computer-aided design, engineering, and manufacturing) networks in full operation.  Ford has given the system they use as a base for all such operations the C3P system.  To create this system, they worked with technology companies like SDRC.  Such systems have been able to lower the manufacturing time from 37 months down to 24 months or less, and ideally the manufacturing will take only 18 months.  By using these systems, Arbitter of Ford Motor Company now says that,

 

“The greatest volume of vehicle development is done on our computers from very early in the program all the way through to Job One.  Physical vehicle testing is there for verification and alignment, but analytical capability offers far greater opportunities to analyze the ‘what ifs,’ production variability and model complexities.”(Witzenburg, 3).

 

In the future, Ford will look to incorporate all aspects of lab, track, and analytical testing into one condensed environment.  This will allow them to more efficiently and effectively analyze the various aspects of a vehicle, whether it has actually been produced yet or not.

            Very recently, GM has introduced its brand new Hy-wire prototype, which is a car that unites fuel cell propulsion and drive-by-wire systems with a unique new kind of chassis.  The design would completely eliminate the need for an internal combustion engine, drive train, transmission, mechanical and hydraulic linkages or axels.  If the Hy-wire proves to be successful, Ford and other manufacturers will be quick to follow GM’s lead.  Of course, revamping the setup of production facilities in order to comply with the necessary equipment could take months or even years, but in the end would greatly reduce the time and money needed to produce vehicles.  The Hy-wire design also allows more passenger space because it eliminates so many of the current parts used with the current automobile technology.  The system within the car uses smart electromechanical actuating units to convert the driver’s commands form electronic signals to motion.

            With manufacturing facilities spanning the entire globe from the US to England to Australia, the Ford motor company views the successful and efficient sharing of information as an absolute necessity.  Factories are all linked now via computer technologies, and are able to send real time information at any time.  By being able to share information so easily, Ford is able to boast 24 hour a day product development.  So, now the information is not only managed on local levels, but also is shared globally allowing for maximum efficiency.  Ford employees work hand in hand with software and computer partners to ensure that all systems are running properly at all times, and are assisting each other to produce a quality product every step of the way.

            In order for car manufacturers to be successful in utilizing all of the different technological tools, the first thing they should do is select the proper equipment to use.  Employees at Ford try many different systems before actually incorporating them into their business processes because if the systems they used are not thoroughly tested and scrutinized, the outcome can be extremely costly.  I would recommend to the Ford executives that they continue their efforts of carefully testing every technology before using it.  They need to keep their minds open in the beginning, and in the end they need to be absolutely positive that they are selecting a system that is right for their companies needs.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ford’s Advertising and Supply Chain Management

The automobile industry in recent years has been defined by a large increase in the number of competitors.  Consequently, marketing has been a vital part of car companies’ success and has allowed companies to target a wider range of demographics.  The car industry is unique in that, despite a sluggish economy for the past three years, car sales have actually increased.  Consumers have responded to financial incentives; discounts, promotions, and sales events are contributing in large part to sustained growth of car companies, particularly luxury car companies (Dolbeck 2002).  Yet the most significant trend in recent years for the industry has been the utilization of Information Technology in order to get to know customers better.  Online marketing is extremely prevalent, and Ford has employed several online strategies that enable them to make inventory decisions, provide appropriate sales-promotion campaigns in different markets, institute suitable prices, and ultimately to advertise their product.

            Various forms of advertising through the media and the internet have become prominent marketing tools.  The automotive marketing services company Autobytel Inc. is the leading internet service company, and has been named a finalist in the “Best Automotive” category for the 1st Annual Webby Business Awards (Webber 2003).  Autobytel Inc. helps retailers sell cars and manufacturers build brands through marketing, advertising, and customer relationship management tools and programs (Webber 2003).  As the Internet’s largest new car buying service, Autobytel generates over a billion dollars a month in car sales for dealers through its services, and virtually all car companies use its services (Webber 2003).  Clearly the internet is extremely prevalent and widely used as a form of obtaining information; as a result, car companies have utilized this resource by using the services of online automotive marketing services such as Autobytel Inc.

            Ford is agressively pursuing online marketing.  They have been on the cutting edge of on-line marketing, and have made several bold ventures in recent years.  Ford has used Trilogy Software Inc., the Austin, Texas, firm for its e-commerce development.  Recently, they announced that they would be creating a new venture with a mission to develop and operate all of Ford’s “customer-facing” Web sites (Bonisteel 2000).  This venture was unique in the industry in its focus on coordinating development of e-commerce opportunities for both Ford and its dealers.  This venture will develop online services Ford will offer in concert with its dealers, creating what Ford calls a “two-to-one” relationship between a manufacturer and its channel partners and their common customer (Bonisteel 2000).  This is just one example of Ford using online opportunities in a unique way to gain a competitive advantage in the industry.

            In addition to the venture with Trilogy Software Inc., Ford has signed on to two high-profile online strategic partnerships, one with women-focused iVillage, a Digital Entertainment Network, the other with Microsoft (Bernstein 1999).  With the iVillage partnership, Ford has three goals: to learn more about what women want, to build trust with Ford Motor Co., and to present the public that they are a company with different brands.  The deal with iVillage is reliant on the female-focused site, and operates under the premise that women appreciate the internet, especially the ability to purchase goods online (Bernstein 1999).  Ford has expanded its relationship with Microsoft in search of technology to aid its e-business efforts (Bernstein 1999).  These are two cases of creative online marketing that involve information technology in gaining a competitive advantage.  Ford is utilizing big name software engineers as well as digital entertainment networks in order to become a highly integrated online force.

            While Ford has evolved a great deal with regard to marketing tactics, it is still an all-American brand, and has always stood for “desirability and affordability” (Halliday 2003).  However, Ford is also very broad-based and integrated into the American culture (Halliday 2003).  Ford prides itself on being “the outfitters,” as they will outfit you with any kind of SUV you want, ranging from the two-door Explorer Sport to the large Excursion.  Ford has also been very aware of the different cultures it advertises to, and modifies its ads accordingly.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ford’s Marketing Tactics for Various Demographics

Ford Motor Company is preeminent among its competitors in its use of IT and effective advertising which targets an extremely broad range of demographics and psychographics for its myriad line of products.  The market for automobiles within the same price range can be heterogeneous, and Ford constantly strives to maintain its competitive advantage over its competitors.  In order to do this, Ford uses a unique value proposition that is different from its competitors.  Ford also uses various forms of IT to better support its customer’s wants and needs.  In order to appeal to its various markets, Ford’s use of IT must be inventive, creative, and much different from its competitors. 

Growing at a rapid rate, Ford faces potential problems due to its wide array of customer demographics and mounting cost pressures from its competitors DaimlerChrysler, General Motors, and Toyota (Bryant, 2004).  In order to maintain the competitive advantage that it already has over its competitors and other automobile producers, Ford recently decided to transform from a top-down organization to an internet-ready company which engages and involves customers, suppliers, and employees (Kay, Computerworld).

In order to build its supplier base, and engage customers, suppliers, and employees, Ford worked with CISCO and created Covisint.  The new online marketplace will connect the automobile supply chain. Today, Ford is able to make information available to the complete supply chain, simultaneously, using a database.  Furthermore, Ford has created OTD (Order to Delivery) (Gibbons Paul, DarwinMag).  This process shortens the delivery cycle from customers order to actual delivery of the automobile.

Aside from connecting the automobile supply chain using IT, Ford is encouraging customers to ameliorate the difficult process of choosing a vehicle.  Ford recently introduced www.ford.com, a place where customers can build their “dream car” and even order it.  Ford hopes that the website creates “…An opportunity to take complexity out of the entire automotive industry…Technology can be applied in a way that provides an industry standard that streamlines some of the complicated relationships and processes” (Gibbons Paul, 2004).. 

Similarly, Ford is aiding its customers in seeking knowledge about their possible purchase.  In August of 2000, Ford Motor Company announced that they had selected Ask Jeeves Relevant Answers(SM) to help its e-commerce and e-support services for Ford Division customers (PR Newswire).  Ford is going to call the service “Ask Ford”, and will design it to help customers obtain answers about cars.   Ford is going to combine natural language and slang with popularity search technology in order to answer all relevant questions.  Frank Vaculin, executive vice president of Ask Jeeves, Inc. said, “Our extensive knowledge about the frequently asked questions in the automotive industry is a key competitive edge when working with companies like Ford. More than 50 percent of automotive questions on Ask.com are brand or make focused and more than 90,000 questions per month are specifically related to Ford” (PR Newswire,2000).  Ford is able to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors using the internet and Ask.com’s question answering technology and services.  Vaculin also commented, “We expect that the combination of our powerful technology and industry insight will be of tremendous value to Ford moving forward” (PR Newswire,2000). 

Ford is now working on gaining the attention from each of its target markets, using its advantage of IT and the internet.  Recently, Ford has been gaining a competitive advantage over its competitors and receiving valuable attention from its full-time employed market with its new telematics service in the Lincoln model (Cambridge Telcom Report, 2000).  Ford Motor Company has joined alliances with Sprint PCS and announced that select 2001 Lincoln models will come with a Motorola Star Tac Sprint PCS phone with an optional Wireless Web Service.  The phone will be digital, and will include voice-activated wireless voice and data solutions, emergency and roadside assistance, and news, weather, sports, and stock quote information.  Fords alliance with Sprint PCS is an example of it their commitment to offer top-notch technology and security systems in its vehicles.   Brian Kelley, Vice-President of Ford Motor Company said, “Ford’s current telematics systems offer the safety and security of being automatically connected in emergency situations.  Now, with Sprint PCS, customers can clearly and safely access the information and services they need as simply as operating a radio or holding a conversation with another passenger in the car. We expect to offer safety and security telematics services with wireless Internet access to virtually every Ford Motor Company customer in the next several years"(2000).  Ford values its customers need for safety and the working man or woman’s need for wireless communication and information updates.

            Ford is striving to grab the attention of another large U.S. market segment, teenagers.  Ford advertises the Focus, a small, sporty-looking sedan, to teenagers.  The challenge for Ford was how could they make a common sedan seem more appealing to today’s fast-paced, technology-savvy teens? Ford decided to use a visual medium, such as broadcast television, to advertise the Focus.  Next, Ford had to think about what channel to advertise its campaign on.  Based on its target audience, Ford chose to advertise on MTV, during the MTV Video and Music Awards.  Once Ford decided to utilize effective technological resources to convey its message to its market, they needed to decide on an effective advertising campaign to capture the target audience.  Bruce Rooke of J. Walter Thompson handles most of Ford’s advertising.  He said, “We have this vehicle and this target audience that is into life rather than being a stationary object, so we knew any spot we came up with would be instantly outdated” (2000).  Rooke then came up with the Focus’s advertising campaign, which featured a series of commercials that tracked the road trip of a young, pretty, trendy teen.  Each advertisement was loosely scripted and spontaneous- Ford’s vision of a teenage Focus driver.  Ford is rigorously marketing the Focus towards its target audience, and is using other gimmicks to grab teenager’s attention.  For instance, the Focus comes in colors such as “CD Silver”, “Sangria Red”, and “Cloud-9 White” and the commercials use slang such as “24/7” meaning 24 hours a day, 7 days a week (Newsbyte PM, 2000).  Fords use of television to air its campaign was a wise choice, for such a visual technology.

Aside from targeting teenagers with the Focus, Ford is heavily targeting mothers.  One would probably assume that Ford was marketing its mini vans or 4-door sedans to mothers.  Contrary to popular belief, Ford is marketing its new F-series pick up truck to moms all over the U.S!  Considering that Ford holds the number 2 spot for vehicle sales, they feel strongly that they can push the envelope and market pick-up trucks to mothers.  Ford marketing manager Jeff Marentic said, “A lot more women are buying a pickup truck for themselves, for their lifestyle” (ABC News Online, 2000).  New F-series pickup, the Lariat, is geared towards convenience and comfort, two things moms love. The Lariat features technology such as DVD players and can now come with the new Motorola Star Tac Sprint PCS telematic system.  Ford is targeting mothers and marketing their pick up trucks through the use of the internet as well.  Using banner ads online, Ford places its advertisements on websites where mothers are prone to visit.  For example, ads would be placed on cooking, exercise, and astrology websites.  According to Bernstein, “Ford, like other auto manufacturers, is aggressively pursuing online marketing--last summer it shifted $100 million of its 2000 print budget, for instance, into media including the Web” (2000).

Ford’s vision is to lead the Information Age as it once led the Industrial Revolution.  Ford Vice President and CIO Jim Yost hopes that Ford Motor Company will “…Become the leading consumer company for automotive products and services.”  Ford has been steadily achieving its goal as a result of its transformation to an internet-ready company.

 

            Advertising is becoming increasingly important in the industry, and Ford has utilized advertising to the fullest in order to gain a competitive advantage.  In fact, Ford Motor Co. will spend as much as 10 percent more on advertising in 2004, according to Ford marketing Chief Jim O’Connor (Wilson 2004).  The ad budget was raised to introduce new products such as the Ford GT sports car, the redesigned 2005 Ford Mustang, among others.  Ford is also emphasizing advertising overseas, and has recently used a humorous advertising style in Germany.  Their new advertising mentality, according to Ford Germany’s marketing director, is “more aggressive, edgy, and fresh” (Britt 2004).  In order to get more emotion into its advertising, Ford is beginning to “sex up” its image.  In Ford’s quest to pursue online marketing, it shifted $100 million of its print budge into media including the web (Bernstein 1999).  Ford aired its first ever global advertising campaign in 1999 which lasted two minutes and highlights the cultural diversity of Ford Motor Company customers around the world (PR Newswire 1999). According to Ford Motor Company group vice president of Marketing, sales and service, “We believe we have the strongest portfolio of brands and services in the industry.  Our products connect with our consumers around the world in very emotional ways, and this commercial portrays that connection in a very elegant manner (PR Newswire 1999).     These tactics are Ford’s attempt to gain a competitive advantage over the competition.

            The ultimate goal of Ford is to create a direct online sales presence, and therefore Ford has created an Internet alliance with Yahoo Inc. and America Online Inc. (Giordono 2000).  Visitors to these portals would be able to customize the sites to tell them when their vehicles need servicing, process and update auto loans, receive technical advice and connect to their nearest Ford and GM dealers.  In accordance with Ford’s innovative philosophy, the company has attempted to move toward purchasing a car online and having it delivered to your door days later (Giordono 2000).  Federal and state laws, however, prevent consumers from being able to buy and take delivery of cars directly from manufacturers, so this idea never actually surfaced (Giordono 2000).  Nevertheless, this exemplifies Ford’s will to be the leader in online innovation and customer friendliness.

            Marketing is not a stand alone aspect of any company, and companies who are able to integrate marketing with other facets of the business have the most success.  Robert Rewey, Ford Motor Co. VP, stated “we now have greater integration than ever between marketing and other disciplines, such as product development” (Kiley 1998).  In this interview with Rewey, he discusses relationship marketing.  He discussed Focal Point, the system that collects the data from consumers via dealership experience, new car purchases, letters from the consumer etc., and talks about its benefits, particularly that it enables Ford to make better conclusions about data, it gives greater capability to focus on specific groups in the marketplace, and also enables them to get customer input on a variety of issues, such as suggestions on product development (Kiley 1998).  Ford’s integrated marketing strategy has allowed them to more efficiently manage customers and prospects so that they can better identify the tastes of customers.

            Ford’s revenue management strategy has been crucial to their success, and was a vital part of their turnaround plans during troubled times in 2003 (Banham 2003).  The strategy includes models that will project the effect on sales from different incentive programs, and allows Ford to determine the best incentive program to offer in each market (Banham 2003).  Additionally, the revenue-management strategy allows dealers to select the optimum inventory based on profit margins, customer preferences, and the most appealing price, which ultimately allows dealers to close sales faster (Banham 2003). 

            Above all, Ford has had a tremendous amount of success marketing and an exemplary reputation among consumers.  This is clear from research Ford has done regarding customer satisfaction.  Responses include: “Highly credible”; “huge amount of integrity”; “we like Ford more than we had before we saw the ads”; “we have a respect for the Ford Motor Co.” (Halliday 2003). 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RECOMMENDATIONS

After analyzing Ford’s competitive advantage and IT usage, our team agreed that it is tough to come up with recommendations for a company that has been so successful.  However, with new technological advances occurring every day, anything is possible.  Our team has conjured a few recommendations for the future of Ford and the future of IT. 

 Our recommendations are:

        Ford must become more efficient and effective to compete with the foreign markets that take its sales away.  While Ford is currently using innovative IT to compete in its markets, but foreign companies are succeeding with new IT as well.  Ford must stay on top of latest technologies in order to keep the competitive advantage that they have.

 

        Ford should allow consumers to purchase automobiles online and have it delivered to your door.  Although this is not allowed by law, with successful legal proceeding, Ford could most definitely gain the right to deliver automobiles to homes.  Ford could then patent the process of online buying and home delivery.

 

        Always be on the cutting edge of technology with their user friendly web-site

 

        Continue to try and unite track, lab and analytical testing under one system.  Ford uses many IT systems to hold its databases and to complete different tasks for needs.  However, one system would save money, cut out middlemen, and create a need for less employees.

 

        To create a device that is connected to your key-chain that locates your vehicle.  Ford would be able to patent this idea as well.  We have all experienced the anxiety of walking through a crowded parking lot, nervously pressing your car alarm and trying to follow the sound to locate your car.  Ford should create a key-chain that not only makes your car alarm go off, but locates your car using a radar system that tells you exactly where you parked.

 

        To put infrared night-vision in vehicles for people’s safety.  Night driving is a major problem for the elderly and young generation.  Putting infrared-night vision in Ford’s vehicles would be helpful and make nervous night drivers more comfortable to drive at night.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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